• When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
• Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are :Tell, other command, ask, warn, remind
1. Present simple-Past tense
direct : Vita said “ I eat fried rice”
indirect : Vita said that she ate fried rice.
2. Past simple-Past perfect
direct : Mother said “ I went to market yesterday”
indirect : Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.
3. Future simple-Past future
direct : Dave said “ I will buy an i-pod next week’
indirect : Dave said (that) he would buy an i-pod the week after
4.Present continuous-Past continuous
direct : Gama said “ I’m playing football”
indirect : Gama said he was playing football
5. Past continuous-Past perfect continuous
direct : She said “ I was teaching earlier”
indirect : She said she had been teaching earlier
when we want to report what someone said, we don’t usually repeat their exact words, we use our words, we can use reporting words such as tell say as follow by “that clause”
example :
my mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock
In time expression and pronouns
DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
Now Today/tonight Yesterday Tomorrow Last week Next week Ago | Then that day / that night The day before / the previous day The next / following day The previous week The following week / the week after Before |
In time expression and pronouns
DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
This/these Here pronouns | That/those There They changes according to the context |
Type | Form | example |
Yes-no question | Ask + if / whether + S + verb wonder etc | do you speak English “ He wondered if I spoke English |
Wh-question | Ask + question word + S + verb wonder etc | “what are you watching” She asked what I’m watching |
Sometimes we need the report someone’s question , the report question are introduce with the verb ask inquire wonder , want to know , etc
Modal verb forms also sometimes change:
DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow.“ can She said, "I can teach English online." must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online.“ | would She said she would teach English online tomorrow. could She said she could teach English online. had to She said she had to have a computer to teach English online. |
Modal verb forms also sometimes change:
DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
shall She said, "What shall we learn today?" may She said, "May I open a new browser?" | should She asked what we should learn today. might She asked if she might open a new browser. |
Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought too.
DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
"I might go to the cinema", he said. | He said he might go to the cinema. |
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